101.cost cutting  ：削減成本

A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.

公司采取的應(yīng)付措施，特別是在困難時期，通過減少浪費和不必要的開支來節(jié)省資金。

Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.

為了提高效率和競爭力，許多公司在 90 年代一直在實施削減成本的各種措施。

102.cost of living  ：生活費用

The average cost for the basic necessities of life

支付基本生活必需品的平均花費。

Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.

很多雇員希望其工資的生活費用部分每年都有增長。

103.creeping inflation  ：輕度通貨膨脹

The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.

物價不斷上漲，但因漲幅很小而不為人注意。

Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.

90 年代輕度通貨膨脹一直波及經(jīng)濟生活

104.decline  ：萎縮，下降

A period of reduced business activity.

經(jīng)營活動下降的時期。

College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.

大學(xué)生們對其畢業(yè)后就業(yè)機會的減少感到憂心忡忡。

105.deficit  ：赤字

A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.

支出超過收入的預(yù)算失衡

Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.

我們公司在開始贏利前的頭三年中都是虧損經(jīng)營。

106.deflation  ：通貨緊縮

A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.

貨幣供應(yīng)的減少，導(dǎo)致物價的急劇下降。

Consumers are always motivated by deflation.

通貨緊縮往往能刺激消費者的購買欲。

107.demand  ：需求

The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.

消費者購買商品和服務(wù)的能力。

Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.


營銷商和廣告商總是在尋找新的途徑以創(chuàng)造其客戶對產(chǎn)品的需求。

108.depression  ：蕭條

A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.

商業(yè)活動嚴(yán)重減少并且長時間沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。

Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.

許多上了年紀(jì)的美國人對三十年代的大蕭條仍記憶猶新。

109.deregulation  ：撤消管制

A gradual removal of government control over business.

政府逐步撤消對經(jīng)營活動的控制。

Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.

大多數(shù)公司和產(chǎn)業(yè)贊成政府撤消管制。

110.distribution  ：商品流通

The marketing of merchandising.

商品的營銷。

If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.

商品流通如果不暢就賣不出去。

111.diversification  ：經(jīng)營多樣化

The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.

通過增加產(chǎn)品品種和服務(wù)項目來擴展經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)。

Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.

許多快餐企業(yè)正實行經(jīng)營多樣化，力圖從其競爭對手手中奪取更多的顧客。

112.dumping  ：傾銷

The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.

以低于成本的價格向其他國家銷售產(chǎn)品以減少過剩產(chǎn)品，引發(fā)競爭。

The U.S. has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American.

美國控告日本在美國傾銷小型貨車。

113.economics  ：經(jīng)濟學(xué)

The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.

形容財富及其創(chuàng)造、分配和消費的科學(xué)。

Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard.

蘇珊在哈佛攻讀經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)。
114.economy  ：經(jīng)濟

The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.

社會及政治機構(gòu)的組織以及以生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營為目的的企業(yè)組織。

National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy.

國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人必須一直為經(jīng)濟狀況操心。

115.Fortune 500  ：《財富》500 家公司

A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.

由《財富》雜志每年公布的全美國最大的 500 家公司。

Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list?

在《財富》500 家公司中，前 10 名是哪些？

116.franchise  ：經(jīng)銷權(quán)，連鎖店

A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.

地區(qū)分銷商得到其他公司的合同或許可證，有權(quán)使用其名稱并銷售其產(chǎn)品。


Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

克蘭西在倫敦開了一家麥當(dāng)勞連鎖店。

117.freeze  ：凍結(jié)

The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.

停止一些經(jīng)濟因素的變動，如價格、就業(yè)、開支等。

The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps.

政府凍結(jié)了汽油泵的價格。

118.full employment ：充分就業(yè)

An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.

失業(yè)率處于可接受的最小值，常常是６％以下的經(jīng)濟形勢。

The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.

充分就業(yè)是大多數(shù)國家很少取得的經(jīng)濟局面。

119.glamour stock ：熱門股票

A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.

新興且發(fā)展迅速的產(chǎn)業(yè)所發(fā)行的股票，有迅速升值的趨勢。

John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.

約翰專門購買由傳媒、娛樂公司發(fā)行的熱門股票。

120.glas ceiling  ：性別障礙，玻璃天花板

A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.

指阻止女性進入高級管理階層的一種無形障礙。

Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.

90 年代，許多婦女抗議阻止她們進入大公司高級管理階層的性別障礙。

121.global economy  ：全球經(jīng)濟 Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc. 世界范圍內(nèi)的貿(mào)易、旅游、競爭等。

Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.

為在新的全球經(jīng)濟中保持競爭力，90 年代的公司都從全球的角度考慮問題。

122.GNP  ：國民生產(chǎn)總值

An abbr. For “gross national product.”  The  total  annual monetary value of all  goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.

“gross national product”  的縮寫詞，指在國民經(jīng)濟市場上銷售的所有商品、服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品的年度貨幣總值。

What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?

1987 年日本的國民生產(chǎn)總值是多少？

123.golden parachute  ：高額離職補貼

A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover.

在發(fā)生合并或兼并的情況下，公司高層行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)離開其職位時所獲得的豐厚補償，作為高額離職補助金。

CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.

公司被他方惡意接管時，通常情況下總裁們都會得到高額的離職補貼。

124.gray market  ：灰色市場

A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical.

以高于正常市場價格來銷售稀缺商品如電腦芯片的市場。這種交易通常以非正常渠道進行，手段雖不犯法但也不 被認(rèn)為是合乎道德的。

Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.

由于類似產(chǎn)品在灰色市場上銷售，我們公司損失很大。

125.greenmail  ：綠票欺詐

The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price.

秘密購買一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能進行接管，最終迫使該公司為挫敗對方的企圖，不得不以高出很多 的價格買回股份。

The ABC company found themselves a victim of  greenmail  when they realized  they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.

當(dāng) ABC 公司以高得多的價格買回自己的股份時，發(fā)現(xiàn)本公司成了綠票欺詐的受害者。

126.hardball  ：商場上的殺手锏，動真格

Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.

俚語，指生意上極具競爭力或冷酷無情的做法。

Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.

我們的競爭對手所用的戰(zhàn)術(shù)表明他們要動真格了。

127.hostile takeover  ：敵意接管

The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.

通過購買足夠股份從而獲得控股權(quán)的辦法來接管一家公司。

Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.

去年這家小航空公司在一次敵意接管中被收購。

128.hyperinflation  ：高通脹

Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.

迅猛的通貨膨脹和搶購造成嚴(yán)重的商品短缺。

The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.

由于擔(dān)心自然災(zāi)害會突然降臨，公眾瘋狂搶購，導(dǎo)致了一些食品市場的高通脹。

129.inflation  ：通貨膨脹

A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

商品和服務(wù)的價格持續(xù)上漲。

Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?

在過去的６個月里通貨膨脹率下降了嗎？

130.junk bond  ：風(fēng)險債券，垃圾債券

A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.

俚語。指高風(fēng)險高回報的債券，但被認(rèn)為有可疑的背景支持。

Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.”

邁克爾?米爾肯總是“風(fēng)險債券之王”的同義詞。

131.labor-intensive  ：勞動密集型的

(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.

運用人力多于資本的生產(chǎn)。

The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.

零件是用密集勞動生產(chǎn)出來的，這樣價格就很貴。

132.leveraged buyout(LBO)  ：舉債收購

A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.

投資者以收購對象的資產(chǎn)作擔(dān)保，借錢來收購該公司的足夠資產(chǎn)以獲得控股權(quán)的過程。

Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company.

有時候小公司可以用舉債收購的手段來接管另一家公司。

133.macroeconomics  ：宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)

An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level.

經(jīng)濟學(xué)的分支，研究經(jīng)濟的宏觀方面，尤其是國家層次上的因素。

Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics.

塞謬爾斯先生是位宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)專家。

134.market share  ：市場份額

A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.

一公司產(chǎn)品的銷售總額在某一特定商品市場上所占的百分比。

The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals

克洛格公司在早餐粥市場上占有超過 50％以上的份額。

135.mass production  ：大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)

The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.

利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件和生產(chǎn)線大批量生產(chǎn)商品

Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.

大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使得很多人能以更為便宜的價格享用某種產(chǎn)品。

136.microeconomics  ：微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)

The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.

經(jīng)濟學(xué)的分支，研究生產(chǎn)和消費的單個單位。

Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.

在未來微觀經(jīng)濟會導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)品的專業(yè)化和客戶化以方便顧客。

137.mogul  ：商業(yè)巨頭

Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.

非正式用語。商業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)界的富有且勢力大的人物。

We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.

我們收看了一段電視訪談，采訪對象是一位擁有一億多美元資產(chǎn)的娛樂業(yè)巨頭。

138.mommy track  ：母親路線

A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.

女性的職業(yè)模式。指女性不愿晉升過快，以便有更多時間和家人相處。

Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.

90 年代，數(shù)以百萬計的婦女寧愿走母親路線也不愿攀登公司的官階。

139.monopoly  ：壟斷

A domination of the market by a single company.

由單一公司統(tǒng)治市場的局面。

The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.

打破壟斷可以產(chǎn)生競爭，這會給公眾帶來更好的質(zhì)量和更低的價格。

140.oligopoly  ：寡頭壟斷

A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.

少數(shù)商家占有市場，因此他們可以操縱價格和其他因素。

The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.

美國汽車工業(yè)是寡頭壟斷的行業(yè)，因為只有 3 家主安生產(chǎn)商。

141.Pac Man defense  ：帕克曼防衛(wèi)

An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.

被定為兼并對象的公司通過出價收購敵對公司，從而阻止其惡意收購。

The out-throat  1980s made strategies  like Pac Man defense  essential to companies who wanted  to survive a hostile takeover.

在競爭殘酷無情的 80 年代，對于那些希望躲過惡意兼并的公司來說，帕克曼防衛(wèi)之類的戰(zhàn)略手段太重要了。

142.Paper profit  ：紙上盈利

An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold.

對擁有的某種商品進行估價而計算出來的利潤，因為商品沒有出手，利潤尚未實現(xiàn)。

Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation.

因為評估了公司的所有的資產(chǎn)，去年杰克的生意才有紙上盈利。#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

143.paradigm shift  ：改組

A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.

公司總裁通知公司上下將有重大變化時所用的詞。

The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.

一家大型軟件生產(chǎn)商的總裁今天宣布要對其管理人員進行改組。

144.Peter Principle  ：彼得原則

A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.

一種認(rèn)為在等級森嚴(yán)的公司里，每個職員都想升到其無法勝任的位置的說法。

The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force.

在美國的勞動力大軍里，常可聽到”彼得原則”這個術(shù)語。

145.poison pill  ：反兼并手段，毒丸

Any of various  methods devised by  a  company to thwart a  hostile takeover attempt, such  as by  issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer.

公司為挫敗敵意兼并所采取的各式各樣的方法，如發(fā)行新股票，為雇員制定慷慨的福利計劃。這會使?jié)撛诘募娌?者感到代價昂貴而放棄兼并。

146.power lunch  ：事務(wù)餐

A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.

在工作午餐上，忙于緊張的交易和談判而顧不上吃飯。

We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.

今天下午我們在事務(wù)餐上討論了公司合并的可能性。

147.productivity  ：生產(chǎn)力

A measure of ability to produce output from given input

一定投入得到產(chǎn)出的能力的衡量尺度。

Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last. XYZ 公司本月的生產(chǎn)比上月略有提高。

148.quality control  ：質(zhì)量管理

Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.

采用技術(shù)以消除次品，或提高經(jīng)營水平。

No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.

任何一家公司要想在新的全球經(jīng)濟中保持競爭力，就不得不重視質(zhì)量管理。

149.raw goods  ：原材料商品

Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.

源于自然，收購來用于生產(chǎn)的原始材料。

Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and less valuable.

知識和信息正成為公司最有價值的資產(chǎn)，而原材料商品的價值越來越低。

150.recession  ：衰退

A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.

國民經(jīng)濟在至少 6 個月的時間里沒有任何增長。

A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.

衰退的特點是需求下降，失業(yè)增加，國民生產(chǎn)總值減少。